Implementation of Post-Divorce Alimony Policies from a Gender Justice Perspective: A Comparative Legal Study of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam
Abstract
Divorce does not only ends the marriage bond, but also gives birth to legal obligations in the form of post-divorce maintenance for women and children who are in socioeconomically vulnerable positions. Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam already have their own legal frameworks to govern these obligations, but the effectiveness of implementation differs. This study employs a normative legal research method with conceptual and comparative approaches through regulatory analysis, court decisions, and related legal documents. The perspective of gender justice and maqāṣid al-sharī'ah is used to assess the extent to which alimony policies actually provide substantive protection. The results of the study show that normatively the three countries have the same goal, but the realization of justice is uneven across jurisdictions. In Indonesia, the weak enforcement mechanism prevents the fulfillment of alimony obligations at the time of verdict. In Malaysia, the existence of the Family Support Division increases the certainty of child support, even though the protection of ex-wives is not optimal. In Brunei, the strict legal framework is still constrained by sociocultural resistance. This finding confirms that the issue of alimony is not only a matter of legal text, but also of social constructions that affect legal compliance. Livelihood uncertainty has a direct impact on the sustainability of education, health, and socioeconomic stability, and has not fully fulfilled the purpose of protecting maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. Therefore, institutional strengthening, gender-responsive enforcement mechanisms, and regional cooperation are needed.
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